大容量(liang)礦熱爐(lu)直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)設計的幾個(ge)關鍵問題！

礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)熱(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)是(shi)鐵合金行(xing)業冶煉硅鐵、鎳(nie)鐵、鉻(ge)鐵、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)石(shi)的必(bi)備設(she)備，據不(bu)完(wan)全統計，全國有各種礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)熱(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)3萬(wan)多(duo)臺。長期以來，國內礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)熱(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)大(da)多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)交流供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，導致功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數低(di)(di)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網三相很(hen)難控(kong)制平衡、效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)低(di)(di)、運行(xing)成(cheng)本高等問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)一直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無法解決(jue)。相比之下直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源擁有更大(da)的優勢(shi)，如:直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗壓降、集膚效(xiao)應、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間(jian)干擾效(xiao)應等問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，并且運行(xing)損耗低(di)(di)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)高。因此目前大(da)容量礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)熱(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正朝著直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方向發展。文中探(tan)討(tao)了大(da)容量礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)熱(re)(re)爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源設(she)計的幾(ji)個關(guan)鍵(jian)性(xing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，包(bao)括主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路拓(tuo)撲結構選用(yong)(yong)，均流系數優化(hua)，監控(kong)系統設(she)計與(yu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數提(ti)高等探(tan)索性(xing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。那就快來和小編一起看看吧！

大電(dian)流輸(shu)出需要(yao)使用并聯器(qi)件以達到(dao)運行要(yao)求。隨著并聯器(qi)件數量的(de)增加，出現的(de)是均流系(xi)數低(di)的(de)問題。因此，選用適當的(de)主電(dian)路拓撲結構以擴大系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)出電(dian)流，達到(dao)減少并聯器(qi)件數，優化均流系(xi)數，防止器(qi)件損壞的(de)目的(de)顯得(de)尤為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。

礦熱爐(lu)可控整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de).基(ji)本單元(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)和雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。單從輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小考慮，在(zai)并聯相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)數(shu)量及容量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器件前(qian)(qian)提(ti)下(xia)，雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)。但(dan)在(zai)同(tong)(tong)樣(yang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)情況下(xia)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)變壓(ya)器裝機容量要低(di)(di)于雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形21%，同(tong)(tong)時整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器件所承受的(de)(de)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形的(de)(de)一半，變壓(ya)器繞組利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)比雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形高一倍(bei)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，綜合考慮，若輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)擁有(you)較大(da)(da)優勢。由于礦熱爐(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)運行時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)達40~150kA，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了滿(man)足輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)需求，同(tong)(tong)時降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)(rao)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逆(ni)并聯結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)與(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逆(ni)并聯結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)。這兩(liang)種結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)與(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)兩(liang)種結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比，擴大(da)(da)了2倍(bei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)并降(jiang)低(di)(di)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)(rao)。然而這種結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)很難滿(man)足大(da)(da)容量礦熱爐(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)超過100kA的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)要求。為(wei)(wei)(wei)進一步(bu)擴大(da)(da)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)諧波含量，提(ti)高系統功率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)，可選12脈(mo)(mo)波雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)反星(xing)(xing)(xing)形同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逆(ni)并聯結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)與(yu)(yu)12脈(mo)(mo)波三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逆(ni)并聯結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)。12脈(mo)(mo)波三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逆(ni)并聯結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)典型特點(dian)是(shi):輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)、諧波含量少、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)(rao)小、繞組利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)高、無需使用(yong)(yong)(yong)平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器等。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)在(zai)大(da)(da)容量礦熱爐(lu)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)脈(mo)(mo)波數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)12脈(mo)(mo)波及以上(shang)的(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)式(shi)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)逆(ni)并聯結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)合適(shi)。

由于電力(li)(li)電子器件在材(cai)料(liao)及制作(zuo)工藝上的(de)不同，其性能(neng)指標也有所(suo)不同。晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)適合應(ying)用于超大功(gong)率且工作(zuo)頻率較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)的(de)場合，一方面是由于晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)額定參(can)數高(gao)(gao)、控制簡單、技術(shu)成熟；另一方面是由于晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)具有較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)浪涌耐受能(neng)力(li)(li)、較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)電流(liu)參(can)數和良好(hao)的(de)耐過流(liu)能(neng)力(li)(li)，可(ke)以較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)地滿足運行需求。因此選(xuan)擇(ze)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)作(zuo)為電路的(de)主(zhu)功(gong)率器件。

大容量礦熱爐直流電源設計(ji)的幾(ji)個關鍵問題！

在大(da)容量礦熱爐直流(liu)(liu)(liu)供電電源中，不得(de)不采用多個(ge)(ge)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)并(bing)聯(lian)的措施以(yi)承擔較大(da)的整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂電流(liu)(liu)(liu)。即(ji)使(shi)通過(guo)(guo)上述主電路(lu)拓撲結(jie)構將175V/100kA直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電源的每個(ge)(ge)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂所需并(bing)聯(lian)晶閘(zha)管個(ge)(ge)數降(jiang)至6個(ge)(ge)，仍存(cun)在嚴(yan)重的均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)問題。在多個(ge)(ge)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)并(bing)聯(lian)的整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂中，若(ruo)均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)數過(guo)(guo)低(di)，會出現某些器(qi)件(jian)(jian)未導通，某些器(qi)件(jian)(jian)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的情況(kuang)。嚴(yan)重時燒壞器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，從而(er)使(shi)得(de)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂中其它支路(lu)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，導致整個(ge)(ge)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂器(qi)件(jian)(jian)損壞。為解決(jue)該問題，以(yi)下(xia)提出幾點(dian)優化均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)數的措施。

(1)采用合(he)適的(de)整流臂結構(gou)

礦熱(re)爐一(yi)般電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件進入(ru)穩(wen)態(tai)正向導通后其通態(tai)壓(ya)降(jiang)很(hen)低(di)，相應的(de)(de)(de)通態(tai)電(dian)阻很(hen)小。若并聯支路母(mu)線的(de)(de)(de)配置不(bu)合(he)理，則電(dian)路自感(gan)及互(hu)感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)差異就會造成電(dian)流(liu)分配的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)。因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)工作電(dian)流(liu)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，由于支路磁(ci)場及阻抗差異的(de)(de)(de)影響，位于不(bu)同位置的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)件導通時，流(liu)過的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)值不(bu)同，且與引出母(mu)線的(de)(de)(de)位置有關。目前多以母(mu)線上進下出(或下進上出)式的(de)(de)(de)條形整流(liu)臂結構為主流(liu)，但實驗證明，這種結構在(zai)(zai)并聯器(qi)(qi)件數大(da)于4的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，均(jun)流(liu)系數較低(di)。

為了得(de)到(dao)較好(hao)的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)效果，將(jiang)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂改為其他結構，使得(de)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂中的(de)(de)每個(ge)晶閘(zha)管從交流(liu)(liu)(liu)進線到(dao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)路(lu)徑完全一樣，且流(liu)(liu)(liu)過每個(ge)晶閘(zha)管的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)相互(hu)解耦，可(ke)(ke)解決因(yin)各(ge)元器件到(dao)正(zheng)負母線路(lu)徑不同(tong)，導致的(de)(de)各(ge)并聯支路(lu)阻抗與磁(ci)場存在(zai)差(cha)異，所引發的(de)(de)各(ge)支路(lu)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)分配不均(jun)(jun)勻的(de)(de)問題(ti)。該種(zhong)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂結構可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)各(ge)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)臂的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)效果較常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)直條結構有明顯(xian)改善，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)做到(dao)理論上(shang)的(de)(de)..均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。